Hydraulic press



T; F. PHILIPPL HYDRAULIC PRESS.

APPLICATION HLEDJULY 1B, 1919.

1,382,3 1 5. Patented June 21, 1921.

3 SHEEfS-SHEET 1.

T. F. PHILIPPI.

HYDRAULIC PRESS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 18, I919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

TEFhHippi ,4 TTORJVEI 25 3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

T. F. PHll LlzPPlt H5Y D-R A-U LI G PRESS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 18, 1919.-

Patented June 21, 19211 NIH lllllll'l T. F. Fmn i A further object UNITED STATES THEODORE F. PHILIPPI, OFEAST ST. LOUIS, ILLINOIS.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THEODORE F. PHILIPPI, a citizen of the United States of America, a resident of East St. Louis, in the county of St. Clair, State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Presses, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying draw-- in s, forming a part of this specificat1on.

My invention relates to improvements in hydraulic presses, one of the objects being to provide a simple and effic ent press whereby wheel rims can be easily and quickly forced onto wheel centers.

nother object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic press having a hydraulic lifting device for the objects to be acted upon by the press, and to enable both --the ress and lifting device to be conveniently operated by the same pumping device. With this object in .view I preferably ut lize a simple controlling valve through whlch the fluid under pressure may be delivered to the press or diverted to the lifting device.

is to impart a steady uniform motion to the'lifting device, thereby avoiding dangerous and destructive stresses which would otherwise be caused by the transmission of a jerky movement from the fluid pum to the lifting device.

The by raulic apparatus herein shown is provided with a high pressure pump and a low pressure pump cooperating thcrewith to quickly actuate a hydraulic ram when only a comparatively low pressure is required. One of the objects of the invention is to produce a simple and efiicient automatic means for rendering the low pressure pump inef-' fective when a relatively high pressure is required.

With the foregoing and other objects in view, the invention comprises the novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter more specifically described and-illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein is shown the preferred embodiment of the invention; however, it is to be understood that the invention comprehends changes, variations and "modifications which come withinthe scope of the claims hereunto appended. i

Figure I is a diagrammatlcal view of a Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 18,

HYDRAULIC PRESS.

Patented June 21, 1921. 1919. Serial No. 311,865.

hydraulic apparatus constructed in accordance with this invention.

Fig. II is a front elevation of the apparatus. v

Fig. III is a side elevation.

Fig. 'IV is an enlarged section illustrat-- ing one of the check valves.

Fig. V is an enlarged detail view of the means for retaining the relief valve in its open posltion.

Fig. VI is an enlarged detail View show- 1n the restricted inlet ports adjacent to the li ting device.

To illustrate the invention I have shown a wheel press, the-frame of whichconsists of vertical side members 1, horizontal members 2 connecting the lower portions of'the side members, and horizontal top members 3 connecting the upper ends of the vertical side members. A stationary cylinder 4 is mounted between the horizontal frame members 2. A vertically movable ram 5, mounted in the cylinder 4, is provided at its upper end with a table, or platen, 6 forming a support for the objects to be acted upon by the press. A stationary platen 7 hes be- .tween the vertical side members 1 and engages the bottom faces of the horizontal frame members 3. A delivery pipe 8 (Figs. I and II) is conne cted to the cylinder 4 for the purpose of transmitting fluid under pressure to the ram 5.

The press herein shown is adapted for use in forcing wheel rims onto wheel centers. A designates a wheel center (Fig. II) having a hub 9, and B designates a wheel rim adapted to be forced onto the wheel center, said rim being provided with a rubber tire 10. Aforcingring '11 lies between the -wheel center A and the table 6 to form-a support for the wlfeel center. 12 designates a'. forcing ring resting upon the top of the wheel rim B and adapted to engage the stationary platen 7 When fluid under pressure is forced into the ram cylinder 4, the ram and its table 6'move upwardly to engage the forcing ring 12 withthe' platen 7, and a continued movement of the ram will force the wheel rim onto the wheel center.

The wheel center and rim are usually very heavy objects, the heaviest type of wheel being about 2,000 pounds, and it has been difiicult to properly arrange these obheavy objects.

the lifting device from vibrating, or chattering in response to the pulsations of the pumps thereby avoiding destructive stresses which would be dangerous in lifting the The hydraulic lifting dev1ce comprises an elongated vertical cylinder 13 in which the lower end of a long ram or plunger 14 is mounted. 15 designates a guide (Fig. II) for the upper portion of the plunger 14. This, vertical plun;

ger may be a long solid rod. "16 designates an overhanging'horizontal arm, fixed to the plunger 14 and adapted to be connected, in anysuitable manner, to the wheel rim and wheel center. 17 desi nates a delivery pipe (Figs. I, II, and VI through which liquid under pressure is transmitted to the cylinder 13 for the purpose of lifting the plunger 14 aswell as the load carried by its horizontal arm 16.

The hydraulic lifting device is used'to lift the work from the floor to the space between the table 6 and platen 7. It is also used in lowering the wheels from the table to the floor. It will therefore be readily understood that the horizontal lifting arm 16 should swing freely into and out of the space between the table 6 and platen 7. The plunger. 14 is supported upon a column of liquid, preferably oil, in the cylinder 13, and the loadcarried by the, lifting arm 16 is also supported upon the column of oil. For these reasons, the liftingarm 16 can be very easily turned about the; axis of the plunger rod 14 so as to move the work into before it reachesthe interior of said cylinder. An air chamber C is closed at the top to prevent the escape of air, the lower end ofsaid air chamber being connected to the delivery pipe 17 by means of a return bend 0 wherein a liquid seal is formed to seal the air inthe chamber. The liquid passing into, or out-of, the air chamber must flow throu h a restricted port (17 (Figs. I and VI in the return bend C. The restricted ports 13' and 17 and the air chamber C enable the. pumps to transmit a steady uniform movement to the hydraulic lifting device, thereby avoiding jerky movements and destructive stresses which are.

most objectionable in lifting heavy objects.

The pulsations resulting from the more or less irregular action of the pumps, are not transmitted to the lifting device. A sudden increase in the fluid pressure will result in compression of air in the chamber C, for

the fluid cannot escape quickly through the restricted port 13, and although the air pressure in chamber 0 is suddenly increased, this pressure cannot be quicklytransmitted back through the small port 17. I have found by actual experience that th small ports 13 and 17 and the air chamber C enable the pumps to gradually increase the fluid pressure in cylinder 13, Without imparting quick intermittent movements to the lifting device. I

The pumping device preferably comprises a pair of pumps P and P, each consisting of a low pressure cylinder 18, a high pressure cylinder 19, a low pressure piston 20 mounted in cylinder 18, (Fig. I), and a high pressure piston 21 mounted in cylinder 19. The high pressure piston 21 is smaller than the low pressure piston 20, and both of these pistons may be formed by a single rod having a reduced lower end 21.' A partition 22, shown by dotted lines in Fig.1, prevents .free communication between the high pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder, and the piston 21 is adapted to reciprocate in this partition. Themeans for reciprocating the pump pistons comand III) mounted in bearingson the top of the frame members 3. and provided with eccentrics 24, the latter' being surrounded by eccentric straps 25. 26 designates connecting rods whereby eccentric straps, are connected to the upper ends of the ,pump pistons. By transmitting power-through the elements just described, the pump pistons will reciprocateinresponse to rotary movements of the power shaft 23.

27 designates a reservoir containing oil, or other liquid adapted for use in transmitting fluid pressure from the pumps to the hydraulic press and lifting device. Each high pressure cylinder 19 (:Figs. I and III) is provided with an intakepipe, or suction pipe, 28 having at its lower end a check valve 29 submerged in the reservoir 27. Each low pressure cylinder 18' is provided with an intake pipe 30 having acheck valve 31 whichis also submerged in the reservoir. The check valves 29 and 31 open in response to suction in the intake pipes 28 and 30, so as to admit fluid to the pump cylinders when the pistons move upwardly. v I

32 designates a low pressure discharge pipe having branches 32 (Fig. I) into which the outgoing fluid is discharged from the low pressure cylinders 18, each of said branches being provided with a check valve 33 permittingv fluid to pass in the direction indicated by arrows inFig. I. A high prespipe 35 at the valve housing 36, and also with sure discharge pipe 34, shown most clearly in Fig. I, is provided with branches 34' containin check valves 33 through which fluid is disc arged from the high pressure cylinders 19.

By referring to Fig. I, it will be seen that the discharge pipes 32 and 34 are both connected to a pipe 35 leading into a valve housing 36. Fluid under pressure passing from the high pressure cylinders and low pressure cylinders can therefore be discharged through the pipe 35 and into the valve housing 36. This valve housing has a discharge port 8 communicating with the delivery pipe 8, and a discharge port 17 communicating with the delivery pipe 17 s A valve chamber '37, formed between the discharge ports 8' and 17', is provided with oppositely disposed valve seats 38 and39 adapted to be engaged by a ball check valve 40. This valve may engage the seat 39 as shown in Fig. I, to close communication between the pipe and the discharge port 17 and said valve may be lifted to engage the seat 38 in which position it will close communication between pipe 35 and discharge port 8. 41 designates a vertically movable valve operating rod, slidably mounted in the valve housing 36 and adapted to engage the ball valve 40. This rod 41 may be lifted, by hand, to place the valve 40 in engagement with the seat. 38.

when the pumping device is used to actuate the hydraulic press, the valve 40 occupies the position shown in Fig. I, wherein it closes the outlet port 17 and the fluid transmitted from the pumps will then pass through the outlet port 8 in the valve hous ing 36 and through thedelivery pipe 8 to the cylinder 4 containing the ram 5. When the hydraulic lifting device is to be placed in service,-the'valve operating rod 41 (Fig. I) is moved upwardly to place the valve 40 in engagement with the seat 38, and the fluid under pressure will then be transmitted through the delivery. pipe 17 and into the elongated cylinder 13 of the lifting device. After the valve has been placed in the last mentioned position, it will be held there by the pressure of the fluid passing through the valve housing 36. By connecting the pumps to the ram and lifting device as herein shown, and using the selective valve device 40 to control the delivery of fluid to the pipes 8 and 17 the pumping device can be very conveniently used to operate either the ram or the lifting device.

To provide for the return of liquid from the ram and lifting device, a return conductor 42 is arranged as shown most clearly in Fig. I, so as to communicate with the short the high pressure discharge pipe 34 and low pressure discharge pipe 32. A valve housing 43, at the upper end of return pipe 42,

the return conductor 42 and the discharge pipe 44. When the valve 46 occupies its open position, the pumps may be operated without transmitting pressure to the ram, nor to the lifting device, the liquid being then free to flow from the return pipe 42 and into the discharge pipe 44, without passing If the. fluid to the fluid actuated devices.

pressure is to be transmitted tothe ram or lifting device, the valve 46 is closed to prevent the escape of fluid through the return pipe 42. To lower the ram.,5 or the lifting plunger 14 the valve 46 is moved to its open position, and the returning fluid 'assing from cylinder 4 or 13 will then flow t rough the valve housing 36, return pipe 42, and

discharge pipe 44 through which it is con-. ducted to the reservoir 27. From the foregoing it will be understood that the valve 46 can be adjusted to permit the operation of the pumps without transmitting pressure to the ram 5 or lifting plunger 14, and that said .valve can also be manipulated to control the downward movements of rain 5 and plunger 14.

When a comparatively low pressure is required, the low pressure pumps cotiperate with the high pressure pumps to quickly deliver fluid to the ram 5 or plunger 14, thereby saving time by imparting a coniparatively rapid movement to the pressure actuated device. For example, when the ram 5 and its table 6 are lifted from the poautomatically rendered ineffective, and the high. pressure will then be obtained from the high pressure pumps alone. as will be presently described. By rendering the low pres sure pumps ineffective when a high pressure is required, I avoid injurious strains on the pumplng mechanism, and enable the high pressure to be obtained from a relatively weak source of power.

I will now describe the pressure actuated relief valve and devices associated therewith to render the low pressure pumps ineffective when a high pressure 1s required. 48 designates the pressure actuated relief valve.

mounted in a housing 49 connected to the upper end of a vent pipe '50, the latter being v onnected to the low pressure discharge.

pi e 32, as shown in Figs. 1 and III. A va ve stem 51, secured to the relief valve 48, is pivotally connected to a lever 52 on which a weight 53 is adjustably mounted. This weighted lever yieldingly holds the relief valve 48 in its closed position, but when the pressure on the bottom faceof the relief valve, rises to a predetermined degree, said valve will be lifted from its seat and fluid willthen flow from the low pressure pipe 32, through the vent pipe 50 and valve housing 49 to a discharge pipe 50 whereb the fluid is returned to the reservoir 27. T erefore, when the pressure rises to a predetermined degree, the fluid passing from the low pressure cylinders will return idly to the reservoir, 27. In this connection it is important vto observe that the low pressure pumping elements must not be exposed to the high pressure in the system when the relief valve 48 occupies its open position. In other words, when the relief valve is open, the low pressure pumps should be permitted to operate idly without impairing the efliciency of the high pressure pumps.

. For the foregoin reasons, a check valve 33 (Figs. I and IV) similar tothe check valves 33 and 33, is mounted in the low pressure discharge pipe 32. This check valve 33 is normally held in its closed position by means of a spring, shown in Fig. 4. When a low pressure is required, the liquid passing into the low pressure discharge pipe 32, will pass through the check valve 33 in the dii rection indicated byarrows in Figs. I and IV,but'this check valve will prevent a relatively high pressure from being transmitted backwardly to the low pressure discharge pipe 32. It is important to observe that the vent pipe 50 (Fig. I) is in.,free communication with the low pressure discharge pipe 32 at a point between the check valve 33 and the low pressure cylinders 18. Therefore, when the relief valve is forced to its open position by a relatively high pressure, the fluid discharged from the low pressure cylinders 18. will pass freely through vent pipe 50, and the check valve 33 will then close communication between the high pressure discharge pipe 34 and the low pressure discharge pipe 32. The high pressure, acting on the check valve 33*. will retain said valve in its closed position. After the relief valve 48 has been forced to its open position, it should be automatically. retained there, for the pulsations of the low pressure pumps would otherwise continually actuate said valve, with the result of causing hammer blows and other destructive stresses at the relief valve device. Furthermore, if the relief valve is retained in its open position, a saving, in power will be effected, for the low pressure fluid can then escape through the valve housing 49 under approximately atmospheric pressure. It may require about ten tons pressure to open the relief valve, but after it has been opened in response to the fluid pressure, said valve will be automatically retained in its open position without ofl'ering any resistance to a continued flow of the fluid through valve housing 49.

To illustrate a means for retaining the relief valve in its open position, I have shown a cam 60, pivoted at 61 (Figs. I and V), and provided with a weighted handle 62. This cam 60 lies under the weighted lever 52, and it has a shoulder 63 (Fig. V) adapted to engage said lever. When the relief valve occupies its closed position, the cam 60 lies in the position shown by full lines in Fig. V, wherein the shoulder 63 engages the weighted lever 52. When the relief valve is forced to its open position, the lever 52 is lifted from the position shownby full lines in Fig. V so as to release the cam 60, thereby permitting the weighted handle 62 to drop to the position shown by full lines in Fig. V,

34. is provided with an outlet pipe 71. A

safety valve 72, in the housing 70, is normally retained in its closed position by a spring 73. The safety valve will open in response to an abnormally high pressure, so as to relieve the pressure by permitting discharge of fluid from the system. i

I claim:

1. A hydraulic press provided with a ram, a high pressure pump and a low pressure pump whereby liquid under pressure is delivered to said ram, and means whereb said low pressure pump is rendered ine ective when the liquid pressure rises to a predetermined degree, said means comprising a pressaid low pressure pump is rendered ineflective when the pressure rises to'a predetermined 'degree,said means comprising a pressure actuated relief 'valve exposed to the fluid pressure between said check valve and the low pressure pump, yielding means tending to retain said pressure actuated relief v valve in its closed position, and an automatlc reta ning devlce preventing the relo turn of said relief valve after it has been opened by the fluid pressure.

3. A hydraulic press provided with a ram, a high pressure pump and a low'pressure pum cooperating with each other to transmit uid pressure to said ram, said low pressure pump having a discharge conductor through which fluid under low pressure is transmitted to said ram, a check valve in said discharge conductor adapted to prevent a backward flow of fluid from the ram to valve in said vent conductor adapted to open in response to a relatively high pressure therein, so as to permit the free escape of fluid from said low pressure pump, yielding means tending to retain said relief valve 7 in its closed position, and an automatic retaining device preventing the return of said relief valve after it has been opened by the fluid pressure.

4. A hydraulic press comprising a ram, a high pressure pump, a low pressure pump, each of said pumps having, a discharge conductor for the delivery of liquid, under pressure to said ram, a check valve through which the liquid is forced from said low pressure pump, and means whereby said low pressure pump is renderedinefi'ective when the liquid pressure rises to a predetermined degree, said means including a pressure actuated relief valve exposed to the fluid pressure between said low pressure pump and said check valve, a weightedlever tending to retain said relief valve in its closed position,

said relief valve being movable to its open v position in response to the fluid pressure, a normally ineffective cam cooperable with said weighted lever to retain said relief valve in its open position, said cam being movable automatically in response to movements of said relief valve to its open position. i

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I hereunto aflix my signature.

THEODORE F. PHILIPPI. 

